make oneself understand还是make oneself

I found I could easily make myself _________ by using sign language.

A. understood          B. understand          C. to understand      D. being understood

答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make + 名词或代词 + 动词原形”这一结构。但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself 与其后的动词 understand 显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。又如：

(1) As a teacher, you should make yourself _________.

A. respect                 B. respecting             C. respected              D. to respect

(2) He spoke loudly so as to make his voice _________.

A. hear                     B. hearing                 C. heard                   D. to hear

(3) Do you know what made her so _________?

A. frighten                B. frightening            C. frightened             D. to frighten

(4) When you speak English, be sure to make yourself _________.

A. understand            B. understanding        C. understood           D. to understand

答案均选C，即用过去分词表示被动意义（其中 frightened 可视为形容词）。